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Table 1: Original data, counts of responses (Yes, Probably, No, Don’t know) and proportion of population exposed
|
Food Item |
Count (n) |
Proportion (%) |
||||
|
Yes |
Probably |
No |
Don’t Know |
Yes/ (Yes+No) |
(Yes+Prob)/ (Yes+Prob+No) |
|
|
Vegetarian/Vegan |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
|
Supplements |
3 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
42.9 |
42.9 |
|
Any chicken (not including deli meat) |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
|
Any eggs |
2 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
50.0 |
71.4 |
|
Any pork (not including deli meat) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
25.0 |
50.0 |
|
Any beef (not including deli meat) |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
20.0 |
33.3 |
|
Any dairy (excluding cheese) |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
50.0 |
57.1 |
|
Non-dairy milk |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
|
Any cheese |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Tomatoes |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
50.0 |
57.1 |
|
Any lettuce or leafy greens |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
80.0 |
83.3 |
|
Iceberg |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
0.0 |
40.0 |
|
Romaine |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
|
Spinach |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
|
Sprouts |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
33.3 |
42.9 |
|
Cucumbers |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
60.0 |
71.4 |
|
Bell peppers |
4 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
|
Broccoli |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
|
Cauliflower |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Mushrooms |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Zucchini |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
50.0 |
57.1 |
|
Melons |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
|
Apples |
4 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
66.7 |
71.4 |
|
Bananas |
4 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
80.0 |
85.7 |
|
Citrus fruits |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Any berries |
5 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
71.4 |
|
Strawberries |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
50.0 |
66.7 |
|
Raspberries |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
|
Blueberries |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
60.0 |
71.4 |
|
Blackberries |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
50.0 |
57.1 |
|
Mangoes |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Pineapple |
1 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
16.7 |
28.6 |
|
Peanuts |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Almonds |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
66.7 |
83.3 |
|
Walnuts |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
60.0 |
66.7 |
|
Hazelnuts (filberts) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Cashews |
2 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
|
Pecans |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
|
Pistachios |
0 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Other nuts |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
|
Peanut butter |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
57.1 |
|
Other nut butters/pastes/spreads |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
|
Sunflower seeds |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
|
Sesame seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
50.0 |
66.7 |
|
Chia seeds |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
60.0 |
71.4 |
|
Flax seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
50.0 |
66.7 |
|
Other seeds |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
|
Cold cereals |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
|
Hot cereals |
2 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
Table 2: Exposures with reference values
|
Food Item |
Confirmed Cases |
|
Reference |
|||
|
Yes |
Prob |
No |
DK |
%Y+P |
Foodbook Canada* |
|
|
Vegetarian/Vegan |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
No data |
|
Supplements |
3 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
42.9 |
28.2 |
|
Any chicken (not including deli meat) |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
85.6 |
|
Any eggs |
2 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
80.7 |
|
Any pork (not including deli meat) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
55.1 |
|
Any beef (not including deli meat) |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
33.3 |
78.4 |
|
Any dairy (excluding cheese) |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
84.6 |
|
Non-dairy milk |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
15.9 |
|
Any cheese |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
88.8 |
|
Tomatoes |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
72.9 |
|
Any lettuce or leafy greens |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
83.3 |
82.4 |
|
Iceberg |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
41.1 |
|
Romaine |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
48.8 |
|
Spinach |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
80.0 |
28.4 |
|
Sprouts |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
42.9 |
12.9 |
|
Cucumbers |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
62.9 |
|
Bell peppers |
4 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
63.6 |
|
Broccoli |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
55.5 |
|
Cauliflower |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
33.0 |
|
Mushrooms |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
50.0 |
|
Zucchini |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
21.1 |
|
Melons |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
39.7 |
|
Apples |
4 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
72.3 |
|
Bananas |
4 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
85.7 |
76.7 |
|
Citrus fruits |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
65.0 |
|
Any berries |
5 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
65.2 |
|
Strawberries |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
49.6 |
|
Raspberries |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
27.5 |
|
Blueberries |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
31.3 |
|
Blackberries |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
10.5 |
|
Mangoes |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
15.7 |
|
Pineapple |
1 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
28.6 |
30.0 |
|
Peanuts |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
33.6 |
|
Almonds |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
83.3 |
41.0 |
|
Walnuts |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
18.5 |
|
Hazelnuts (filberts) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
1 |
0.0 |
10.1 |
|
Cashews |
2 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
66.7 |
26.8 |
|
Pecans |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
12.9 |
|
Pistachios |
0 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
0.0 |
No data |
|
Other nuts |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
No data |
|
Peanut butter |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
55.0 |
|
Other nut butters/pastes/spreads |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
18.3 |
|
Sunflower seeds |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
18.3 |
|
Sesame seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
17.1 |
|
Chia seeds |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
No data |
|
Flax seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
No data |
|
Other seeds |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
No data |
|
Cold cereals |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
33.3 |
54.3 |
|
Hot cereals |
2 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
50.0 |
28.5 |
|
*Based on the Foodbook Survey, 2015, Public Health Agency of Canada |
||||||
Table 3: Binomial probability calculations for exposures and reference population
|
Food Item |
Confirmed Cases |
|
Reference |
Binomial Probability |
|||
|
Yes |
Prob |
No |
DK |
%Y+P |
Foodbook Canada* |
p-value |
|
|
MEATS |
|||||||
|
Any chicken (not including deli meat) |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
85.6 |
0.0375 |
|
Any pork (not including deli meat) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
55.1 |
0.3028 |
|
Any beef (not including deli meat) |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
33.3 |
78.4 |
0.0201 |
|
EGGS |
|||||||
|
Any eggs |
2 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
80.7 |
0.2677 |
|
DAIRY PRODUCTS |
|||||||
|
Any dairy (excluding cheese) |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
84.6 |
0.0655 |
|
Non-dairy milk |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
No data |
No data |
|
Any cheese |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
88.8 |
0.00306 |
|
VEGETABLES |
|||||||
|
Tomatoes |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
72.9 |
0.1967 |
|
Any lettuce or leafy greens |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
83.3 |
82.4 |
0.4011 |
|
Iceberg |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
41.1 |
0.3452 |
|
Romaine |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
48.8 |
0.312 |
|
Spinach |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
80.0 |
28.4 |
0.0233 |
|
Sprouts |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
42.9 |
12.9 |
0.0432 |
|
Cucumbers |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
62.9 |
0.2846 |
|
Bell peppers |
4 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
63.6 |
0.3252 |
|
Broccoli |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
55.5 |
0.3013 |
|
Cauliflower |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
33.0 |
0.1248 |
|
Mushrooms |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
50.0 |
0.2734 |
|
Zucchini |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
21.1 |
0.0341 |
|
FRUITS |
|||||||
|
Melons |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
39.7 |
0.2744 |
|
Apples |
4 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
72.3 |
0.3183 |
|
Bananas |
4 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
85.7 |
76.7 |
0.3321 |
|
Citrus fruits |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
65.0 |
0.2679 |
|
Any berries |
5 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
65.2 |
0.2997 |
|
Strawberries |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
49.6 |
0.2306 |
|
Raspberries |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
27.5 |
0.2882 |
|
Blueberries |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
31.3 |
0.0298 |
|
Blackberries |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
10.5 |
0.003 |
|
Mangoes |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
15.7 |
0.0127 |
|
Pineapple |
1 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
28.6 |
30.0 |
0.3177 |
|
NUTS & SEEDS |
|||||||
|
Peanuts |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
33.6 |
0.1306 |
|
Almonds |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
83.3 |
41.0 |
0.041 |
|
Walnuts |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
18.5 |
0.0117 |
|
Hazelnuts (filberts) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
1 |
0.0 |
10.1 |
0.5279 |
|
Cashews |
2 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
66.7 |
26.8 |
0.1577 |
|
Pecans |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
12.9 |
0.0284 |
|
Pistachios |
0 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
0.0 |
No data |
No data |
|
Other nuts |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
No data |
No data |
|
Peanut butter |
4 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
57.1 |
55.0 |
0.2918 |
|
Other nut butters/pastes/spreads |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
18.3 |
0.0668 |
|
Sunflower seeds |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
50.0 |
18.3 |
0.0668 |
|
Sesame seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
17.1 |
0.0088 |
|
Chia seeds |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
71.4 |
No data |
No data |
|
Flax seeds |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
66.7 |
No data |
No data |
|
Other seeds |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
25.0 |
No data |
No data |
|
OTHER |
|||||||
|
Cold cereals |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
33.3 |
54.3 |
0.1929 |
|
Hot cereals |
2 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
50.0 |
28.5 |
0.2491 |
|
Vegetarian/Vegan |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
40.0 |
No data |
No data |
|
Supplements |
3 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
42.9 |
28.2 |
0.2086 |
*Based on the Foodbook Survey, 2015, Public Health Agency of Canada